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Preclinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
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Anxiety
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Any of the standard anxiolytic tests (e.g., Geller conflict, punished drinking, elevated plus-maze) can be set up. Geller conflict requires 3 to 4 months of training.
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Publications
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Howard, J.L., & Pollard, G.T. (1977). The Geller conflict test: A model of anxiety and a screening procedure for anxiolytics. In Hanin, I., & Usdin, E. (Eds.), Animal Models in Psychiatry and Neurology (pp. 269-278). New York: Pergamon Press.
Howard, J.L., & Pollard, G.T. (1978). Antianxiety drugs. Drugs of Today, 14, 473-534.
Pollard, G.T., & Howard, J.L. (1979). The Geller-Seifter conflict paradigm with incremental shock. Psychopharmacology, 62, 117-121.
Howard, J.L., Rohrbach, K.W., & Pollard, G.T. (1982). Cumulative dose-effect curves in a conflict test with incremental shock. Pschopharmacology, 78, 195-196.
Pollard, G.T., & Howard, J.L. (1986). The staircase test: Some evidence of non-specificity for anxiolytics. Psychopharmacology, 89, 14-19.
Pollard, G.T., & Howard, J.L. (1988). Effects of chlordiazepoxide, pentobarbital, buspirone, chlorpromazine, and morphine in the stretched attend posture (SAP) test. Psychopharmacology, 94, 433-434.
Craft, R.M., Howard, J.L., & Pollard, G.T. (1988). Conditioned defensive burying as a model for identifying anxiolytics. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 30, 775-780.
Pollard, G.T., & Howard, J.L. (1990). Effects of drugs on punished behavior: Pre-clinical test for anxiolytics. Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 45, 403-424. Reprinted as Ch. 6 of File, S.E. (Ed.), Psychopharmacology of Anxiolytics and Antidepressants (pp. 131-153). New York: Pergamon Press, 1991.
Howard, J.L., & Pollard, G.T. (1990). Effects of buspirone in the Geller-Seifter conflict test with incremental shock. Drug Development Research, 19, 37-49.
Pollard, G.T., & Howard, J.L. (1991). Cork gnawing in the rat as a screening method for buspirone-like anxiolytics. Drug Development Research, 22, 179-187.
Nanry, K.P., Howard, J.L., & Pollard, G.T. (1991). Effects of buspirone and other anxiolytics on punished key-pecking in the pigeon. Drug Development Research, 24, 269-276.
Pollard, G.T., Nanry, K.P., & Howard, J.L. (1992). Effects of tandospirone in three behavioral tests for anxiolytics. European Journal of Pharmacology, 221, 297-305.
Pollard, G.T., & Howard, J.L. (1992). Micorgram doses of chlordiazepoxide and diazepam do not increase punished responding in rat. Drug Development Research, 27, 435-439.
Pollard, G.T., & Howard, J.L. (1994). Comparison of chlordiazepoxide and food deprivation on punished and unpunished responding maintained by food. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2, 37-42.
Nanry, K.P., Pollard, G.T., & Howard, J.L. (1995). Olanzapine moderately increases conflict responding but does not produce a benzodiazepine-like cue in rat. Drug Development Research, 34, 317-319.
Meade, E.A., Sznaidman, M., Pollard, G.T., Beauchamp, L.M., & Howard, J.L. (1998). Anxiolytic activity of analogues of 4-benzylamino-2-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 33, 363-374.
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