Howard Associates, LLC
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Preclinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
   
Schizophrenia
  • Dopamine agonist-induced gross behaviors in mouse or rat
  • Apomorphine-induced reversal of prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle in rat
  • Dizocilpine-induced reversal of prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle in rat
  • Conditioned avoidance acquisition and retention in mouse or rat (shuttle box)
  • Other tests that can be set up: 5-MeODMT-induced head twitch and 5-HTP-induced wet dog shakes in mouse or rat
The acoustic startle apparatus is calibrated and ready to evaluate compounds on short notice.
Publications
Cooper, B.R., Breese, G.R., Grant, L.D., & Howard, J.L. (1973). Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine treatments on active avoidance responding: Evidence for involvement of brain dopamine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 185, 358-370.

Rigdon, G.C., Norman, M.H., Cooper, B.R., Howard, J.L., Boncek, V.M., Faison, W.L., Nanry, K.P., & Pollard, G.T. (1996). 1192U90 in animal tests that predict antipsychotic efficacy, anxiolysis, and extrapyramidal side effects. Neuropsychopharmacology, 15, 231-242.